Gendered Experiences of Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gendered Experiences of Racism - Essay Example Bigotry is converted into an idea of magnificence and mental self portrait as a result of the utilization of generalizations in the media which advance specific styles and shapes in a positive manner, and consign different shapes to a lower position. Slimness, for instance, is viewed as an attractive quality, while young ladies who are heavier are frequently depicted as issue characters. African American physical shapes can come in all structures, some of them bigger than others, The promstion of Barbie-doll like figures to highly contrasting youngsters the same, makes an unachievable perfect for both, yet the separation between genuine bodies and the dolls is more noteworthy for dark young ladies than for white young ladies. Notwithstanding the issue of shape, African American young ladies frequently likewise have wavy or nappy hair, and darker skin, the two of which are characteristics which customary American culture sees as negative. This is a relic of race partiality that origin ates from the hour of subjugation and despite the fact that the act of subjection has halted, the oblivious suppositions and biases related with it can wait on into the present. African American culture has been influenced by the diaspora from Africa, and this influences the confidence of dark youngsters more than white ones. In the film one speaker talks about the misfortune that happens when somebody doesn't know even the specific nation of their legacy. Africa is a major mainland, and its assorted variety is lost in this upheld ingnorance. White young ladies, conversely, can appreciate investigating their British, Italian, Swedish, Jewish, or any number of other social personalities which can be followed back, yet African American young ladies can't do this similarly. Comparable to young men, there is a great deal of smothered disdain and irritation in the African American people group, and this can be communicated here and there in shows of sexism and lack of regard, on the grounds that there is

Problems of Developing Countries in International Trade free essay sample

Issues of Developing Countries in International Trade Developing nations and exchange Introduction: International exchange is a significant wellspring of outside pay in practically all creating economies, these nations are alluded to as creating because of their low GDP level and they are confronted with elevated levels of destitution and joblessness, as per David Ricardo and Adam smith global exchange assumes a vital job in the advancement of an economy, the Mercantile hypothesis of improvement expresses that exchange prompted the abundance of country. This paper disk the different issues that the creating nations face in global exchange and their impact on the rural, mechanical and administration areas. A portion of these issues are outside while others are inner issue. Some outer issues remember rivalry for the worldwide market, taxes and other exchange obstructions, required quality norms. Some inward issues incorporate significant expense of creation, levies of data sources and  Problems looked by creating countries:There are different issues that creating nations face in worldwide exchange which will be examined; this paper additionally gives potential answers for these issues of exchange. We will compose a custom paper test on Issues of Developing Countries in International Trade or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A portion of the issues incorporate exchange boundaries, troublesome terms of exchange, great norms,  Agricultural area: A huge part of GDP in creating nations rely upon farming, agribusiness encourages in giving food to the populace, giving work and surplus is sent out to other countries.Foreign pay profoundly relies upon agrarian items sent out and furthermore the travel industry, anyway horticulture assumes a significant job in these nations in giving business and food, there are different issues that these creating nations face in this segment and they include:  Trade hindrances: High taxes are forced on imports in universal exchange; duties are a wellspring of income to the administration and yet they confine the degree of imports in a nation, the rural division in creating nations are confronted with this issue in light of the fact that their great become progressively xpensive in the inner market because of forced taxes. The duties will lessen the sum requested because of the expansion in cost, thusly the rural part is confronted with the issue of declined interest for their items, and consequently in this way the overflow sums delivered isn't sent out. Bans and shares are likewise exchange hindrances that mess up interior exchange, on account of amount the creating nations are just required to send out a specific amount to nation, this is a significant disadvantage to the rural part in the creating countries.High input costs: Most creating nations import data sources, for example, compost, pesticides and oil, their expense in the inside market are normally high and a few makers can't bear the cost of these expenses, thus subsequently the expense of delivering the farming items is generally extremely high making the last cost for these items to be high.Therefore the significant expense of information sources will prompt an expansion in the expense of creation, the last cost of the agrarian items is typically high and hence less serious in the inner market, consequently in this manner the rural items are generally less requested in the inward market because of rivalry from progressively proficient producers.Oil is additionally a sign ificant contribution to creation in every single segment in an economy, the creating nations as a rule will import oil from created nations where costs vacillate much of the time, and the expense of oil will prompt an expansion in the expense of creation of these items prompting less serious costs in the interior market. Subsidies:Many nations sponsor their agrarian division with the goal for them to create more, this has represented a significant issue to the creating nations that can't bear to finance its farming area, sponsoring of rural creation in formed nations result into a decrease in the expense of creation and in this way the nation request less imports. Appropriations in this manner will make issues to the rural segment in the creating nations; this is on the grounds that the creating nations produce more at low costs that are increasingly serious in this market. Innovation and mechanization:Developing nations import innovation and apparatus from the created nations, thes e machines help in expanding creation and furthermore cutting down the expense of creation, anyway because of the significant expense of these machines the created nations want to utilize work escalated techniques for creation because of high starting expense and furthermore support costs. The need to utilize current machines and innovation underway lead to low degrees of fares and furthermore significant expenses of creation, thus in this way the created nations stay with the issue of underproduction and furthermore low exports.The absence of machines that help in diverting the crude materials from the farming areas into completed items lead to expanded weaknesses to the creating nations, most creating nations trade crude materials whose costs in the global market is low, creating nations ought to subsequently begin sending out completed items from the agrarian part as opposed to trade crude material. Some creating nations utilize hereditarily altered plants for creation, these items are progressively beneficial where the time taken to develop and furthermore the creation levels.This is a test to the creating nations to receive present day innovation to expand creation and furthermore lessen expenses of creation. Absence of item decent variety: Developing nations send out roughly a similar item to the inward market, this prompts expanded rivalry and the created nations have control over them on choosing from which nation to import from, and further the created nations will set costs because of high rivalry in the worldwide market.Product expansion implies that the creating nations ought not deliver similar merchandise for trades; they should attempt to broaden the items they sends out so as to lessen rivalry and hence increment the remote pay got. This ought to include the acquaintance of new items with be delivered in the horticultural part that are to fulfill the need for buyers abroad. Negative terms of trade:Terms of exchange will likewise be a significant issue to the horticultural area, creating nations sends out are for the most part agrarian items and they will import apparatus and oil from created nations, this represents a significant issue in the terms of exchange and this at last outcomes to exchange adjusts in light of the fact that the imports have more an incentive than the fares they produce. Absence of legitimate dealing power by the creating nations lead to them experience issue in setting costs, the created nations will give their choices on the value they are happy to pay for the items and in light of the fact that the flexibly in the worldwide market for these items is high the creating nations have little authority over the fare costs and the issue of terms of exchange emerges making imports costly than the fares. Obligations and equalization of trade:Due to the issue of parity of exchange and terms of exchange the creating nations are confronted with the issue of obligations, creating nations face adjusts in exchange adding to the issue of high obligation levels to back obligations, hence in this manner the creating nations may confine imports so as to diminish the degree of obligations and along these lines less contributions to the ventures and agrarian areas, thus consequently the nation won't be in a situation to build creation to counterbalance the obligations prior incurred.Quality and measures: Developed nations and creating nations tradfe accomplices set exclusive requirements for items sent out, this lead to visit restriction on items delivered in creating nations, A genuine model is the prohibition on fish imported from east Africa during Idian Amin rule, the explanation was on the grounds that the tyrant had all the debilitated individuals tossed into lake Victoria and subsequently it was undesirable to import fish from the lake.From the above model unmistakably creating nations will boycott imports because of d ifferent reasons, in the model it was obvious that most fish sent out from east Africa was tilapia, tilapia fish is a glazer and benefited from ocean weed and not meat, anyway because of the demonstration of the despot fish imports were restricted for wellbeing reasons.Other items have additionally been confronted with a similar issue, model hamburger from creating nations where a specific illness flare-up may result into an all out boycott in the fares of these items considerably after wellbeing keeps an eye on the butchered creatures. This is a significant disadvantage to the agrarian part. Handling and transportation: Most of the agrarian items necessitate that they are prepared before being expended, the vast majority of these items are short-lived and require to enter the market inside the briefest time conceivable, this requires the eveloped nation to gadget ways by which this is conceivable however because of security reasons a few items get stale before they enter the market. Thus accordingly there is a need to process these items before they are shipped. The other issue is that a few items require refrigeration model blossoms, vegetables and fish and because of absence of funding to buy and keep up these machines, consequently subsequently the items are not of value on entering the market.Poor transport and correspondence arrange in creating nations likewise blocks the development of good, thus the excess items delivered in created nations doesn't discover its way into the market coming about into less items being sent out, for th

Living With a Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis

Living With a Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis BPD Living With BPD Print Living With a Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on January 23, 2020 JGI/Jamie Grill / Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Like many examples of borderline personality  disorder  (BPD), the example presented here is fictionalized. Jordan is not an actual person, and any resemblance between this fictional person and any actual person is coincidental. The symptoms and behaviors described, however, are very typical of a person with BPD. Infancy Even when Jordan was a tiny infant, there was something very different about her. She reacted intensely to most things. She was easily upset, she didnt adjust easily to new people  or places, and she was hard to comfort. But she was just a baby; it seemed too soon to become concerned. Her parents assumed that all babies are different  and that this behavior of Jordans was just a phase shed grow out of. Childhood Behavior As Jordan got older, she didnt grow out of her phase. She continued to be easily upset and hard to comfort, and she had very severe separation anxiety. If her mother left the room, Jordan would scream until she returned. Still, her parents werent too concerned. Theyd heard that separation anxiety is pretty typical in young children, and Jordan had so many sweet qualities. At times, she could be the most loving child. They often had really wonderful times together. The Teenage Years Things started to change when Jordan hit her early teens. There were fewer and fewer good times. She became increasingly sullen and angry. She started acting out more and moreâ€"yelling at her parents and teachers and engaging in impulsive behaviors, like running away from home. Sometimes, for a while, Jordan would have a close friend or two at school, but they werent friends for long. Conflicts  always occurred,  and the friendships would end. Jordan talked about how alone and bored she felt, how no one understood her. Her parents were starting to become concerned about her, but what if the way Jordan was acting was just typical adolescent behavior? They werent yet ready to seek help. By the time Jordan turned 17, her home life was starting to get seriously out of control. She experienced severe  emotional instability, her mood changes were totally unpredictable, and she could switch moods from one minute to the next. She was fighting with her parents almost daily, usually yelling and throwing things. At times she seemed terrified to be without her mother; at other times she would leave the house in a fit of intense rage and not return for days. One day, her mom noticed scars on Jordans arms. When her mother first confronted Jordan about them, Jordan told her the cat had scratched her. But then she admitted that she was self-harming, cutting herself because she felt so lonely and bored and this was the only thing that makes me feel better. Now her parents knew: They needed to  find help  for Jordan. A Misdiagnosis Jordans parents were able to find a psychiatrist in their area who accepted their family health insurance and they brought Jordan to see her. The psychiatrist spent time talking to Jordan and asking her and her parents about her symptoms. Based on this brief assessment, the psychiatrist diagnosed Jordan with bipolar disorder  and prescribed a mood-stabilizing medication. The new medication seemed to help, and Jordan and her parents were hopeful that things were getting better. Wanting  to understand her disorder  better and get information on helping her recover, Jordans parents read about bipolar disorder. What they read, however, didnt always fit their daughters symptoms. For example, Jordans moods seemed to change quickly and often,  whereas the mood changes in bipolar disorder were described as infrequent. A Correct Diagnosis One day, while still being treated for bipolar disorder, Jordan went online and stumbled on a description of borderline personality disorder (BPD). As she read about the symptoms of BPD, she realized that, for the first time, someone else seemed to understand what was going on inside her head. She called her mom and read her the page she had found. Her mother agreed with Jordanâ€"it looked as though they might finally have an answer. Jordans mother found internet resources that led her to a list of experts in BPD in their area. They made an appointment with a psychiatrist, who met with Jordan several times. After their third meeting, the new psychiatrist confirmed that Jordan met the diagnostic criteria for BPD.  The psychiatrist then explained the treatment options  that were available, including medications and psychotherapy. Gradually Regaining Control At 23, Jordan still has many symptoms of BPD. However, treatment with a combination of medication and dialectical behavior therapy  (DBT) has markedly reduced her symptoms. She no longer harms herself, shes working part-time, and she has several close friends. Jordan still has times when she feels overwhelmed and has problems with anger and relationships. Fortunately, shes learning coping skills that can help her get back in control and manage those symptoms when they occur. Summing Up Jordans case is only one of many examples of borderline personality disorder, which varies widely among the people who have it. For example: Some people with BPD have supportive families, like Jordans, while others grow up in traumatizing environments (a life experience thats linked to the development of BPD symptoms).Some, like Jordan, start showing signs of BPD in early adolescence, while others dont have any symptoms until they are  in their  late teens.Not everyone with BPD responds as well to treatment as Jordan did, although many do. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Changing Trends in Sexual Orientation - 1568 Words

Changing Trends in Sexual Orientation According to Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary, sexual orientation refers to the inclination of an individual with respect to heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual behavior. The famous Kinsey Reports by Alfred Kinsey (1948) claims that about 10% of American adults are homosexual. This astonishing figure is often presented as fact but is often criticized to be highly overestimated by academia. (Refer to Appendix 1 for figures presented by other institutes). Studies by National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles reviews that lesbian increased from 2.8% in 1990 to 9.7% in 2000 while gay reported to rise from 5.3% in 1990 to 8.4% in 2000, depicting upward trends that are consistent with reports†¦show more content†¦Another impact brought by this changing trend is the introduction of same-sex marriage (Appendix 3). Below is a world map depicting the legality of homosexuality in various part of the world. Dark Sides As legal issues pertaining to homosexual have received more national attention, courts around the world have been reconsidering gays’ and lesbians’ rights in parenting and custody cases. But the general assumption that homosexual parents have adverse effects on the psychological and social development on a child makes it extremely difficult for gays and lesbians to become parents. However, the validity of this assumption is highly disputable as both parties claim to have statistical evident. On top of that, the greater willingness of people to be truthful about their sexual orientation has brought repercussion. Their visibility has invited the attention of anti-gay activists. Gay rights movements are often accompany by anti-gay rallies and many religious bodies have also express disapproval at this new sexual trend (Figure above). Homosexuals are also more susceptible to hatred assault compared to their straight counterpart. According to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 13% of the hate crimes occurred in U.S is targeted at homosexuals; sharp increase due to greater number of people who come out of closet. Reports also assert that homosexuality is triggering HIV escalation.Show MoreRelatedThe Movement Of The 1964 Civil Rights Act Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"gender bias and dissimilar treatment of men and women was unconstitutional.† †¢ International Union, UAW v. Johnson Controls, Inc. (1991) – â€Å"ruled that barring women of childbearing age from certain jobs due to potential harm to a fetus constituted sexual discrimination.† †¢ United States v. Virginia (1996) – struck down VMI’s male-only admission and a â€Å"female-only parallel program at a separate location.† †¢ Los Angeles Dept of Water and Power v. Manhart (1978) – determined that an employer may notRead MoreBesides Oneself: On the Limits of Sexual Autonomy1191 Words   |  5 Pagesto be â€Å"imperfect†? Who designates the description behind being perfect? This is what I believe is â€Å"the norm† or normal way of life of a society. In the essay by Judith Butler, Besides Oneself: On the Limits of Sexual Autonomy, she describes the social norms of society slowly changing and designing new social norms of society by the awareness of Gays, Lesbians, and Transgender preference people. She is also describing the struggles of everyday life for gays, lesbians, and transgender people. Read MoreSexuality And Public Policy Regarding Sexual Tolerance1074 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Tolerance 2 What are some recent changes in law, attitude, or policy regarding sexual tolerance? Attitude of the world today is continuously changing due to policy and procedures of gay marriages, and gays in the military (News batch, July 2014). The current status of society and how we see homosexuality in today’s world is and will always and forever evolving. In addition, the greater social acceptance of homosexuality in the U.S. is catching on and moving from one state toRead MoreDiversity, Gender, And Sexual Orientation1584 Words   |  7 Pagesculturally dynamic country, it is extremely important to be culturally competent in order to provide optimal care. Culturally competent care is defined as â€Å"nursing that is sensitive to issues related to culture: religion, race, gender, and sexual orientation.† (Euro med.) In order to deliver such care a nurse must have the knowledge of, be aware of and understand the importance of a patient’s cultural background and how this cultural background affects the care the nurse may give. It is an ongoingRead MoreGender And Sexual Orientation Of Diversity1582 Words   |  7 Pagesand hospitality industry. At present the gender and sexual orientation not only are held hostage-cutting in various parts of the world changes in the process, but also by the transformation of society throughout the thousand-state changes. They put gender as a key variab le, focusing inspected it with other social differences cross interaction. In their view, all grades are interrelated, gender, race, ethnicity, national, class, sexual orientation, age, geographical, and many of the differences thatRead MoreSports Influence The Ongoing Civil Rights Movement1658 Words   |  7 Pagesongoing civil rights movement by changing the ideals of sports fans across the nation. During the period of racial segregation of America in the 1930’s, the nation refused to accept anything out of the ordinary such as color and sexual orientation. All sports figures in the 1930’s were white as no matter the type of discrimination, in order to have true equality in place where the best and most talented play, no player can be judged based on their sexual orientation or race, only on their ability toRead MoreHr Field Of Human Resource Management1668 Words   |  7 Pages, and company websites to recruit. Dr. Richard D. Johnson (2011) writer of Transforming HR through Technology, states that: â€Å"Almost all firms now provide universal access to HR services through technology and web-based applications, dramatically changing the practice of human resource management.† (Johnson, 2011). These new technologies have also cut costs and are more efficient to use. A company is able to access possible candidate’s resumes, cover letters, contact information, and more throughRead MoreSex Culture And Its Effects On America1647 Words   |  7 Pagesdesensitized and clueless of what is going on, but is America as immoral as everyone makes it seem? In our society we see people debating over abortion, sex culture, genetic engineering, and sexual orientation. Some things I believe are hands down, no question, wrong, but most I believe are just part of changing times and beliefs. The American Culture war somewhat divides the country, and as Abraham Lincoln once said, â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand.† We must f ind a way to bring our countryRead MoreUsefulness Of The Future Managers1213 Words   |  5 Pagesworkers do not want to get fixed by rigid laws and hierarchical structure. The trend has both risks and benefits. One of the risks is that the startup organizations do not give proper attention to the human resources. Moreover, the startups may violate one or more aspects of the employment law. The book is useful in training prospective future managers and employers since the workplace discrimination scenario is a rapidly changing issue that requires a more intellectual approach. The risks of violatingRead MoreDifference Between A Good Survey And A Bad Survey941 Words   |  4 PagesEquality† in California to personally go door to door and ask people what they voted and why or why not they where against gay marriage. The second survey I looked up online was the LGBT Americans regarding the attitudes, experience and values in changing times. What kinds of questions were asked and if this was a good or bad survey. Results The U.S. Supreme Court had handed down two landmark same-sex marriage rulings. One was striking down a major provision of the federal Defense of Marriage Act

Domestic Violence And Its Effects On Society - 1163 Words

Domestic violence can be describe as one of the most gruesome and misunderstood crime in our society. It can be as simple as verbal abuse and as complicated as a homicide where we walk a thin line between intentional harm and self-defence. There are two distinctive differences or stages of domestic violence. The first being some sort of â€Å"controlling behaviour explained as a range of acts designed to make a person subordinate and/or dependent by isolating them from sources of support, exploiting their resources and capacities for personal gain, depriving them of the means needed for independence, resistance and escape and regulating their everyday behaviour.† (Oonagh Gay, 2015). This controlling behaviour can either stay as such or excel as what is called a â€Å"coercive behaviour: an act or a pattern of acts of assault, threats, humiliation and intimidation or other abuse that is used to harm, punish, or frighten their victim.† (Oonagh, 2015). It is quite unsettling to find out victims are of any age, race, gender or social economic backgrounds. Even though, society believes women are the primarily victims of this crime; often men also find themselves being victims. However, are they the only ones? What can be said about the children involved that may not experience the abuse first hand, but are victims of seeing the horror of conjugal violence? The families of both parties: the abused and the abuser? Family of the victim may feel powerless in wanting to help their daughter/son,Show MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1745 Words   |  7 Pages Domestic Violence in Literature Domestic violence entails transgressions that tend to exhibit regular occurrence worldwide. Domestic violence is substantially attributable to the psychological, physical, mental, and sexual forms of suffering or anguish. Domestic violence further refers to the family violence or spousal abuse that defines the evident pattern of violent behaviors executed by one spouse to the other in the close affiliations that include courtships, matrimony, family, or individualsRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1204 Words   |  5 Pages a.INTRODUCTION Domestic violence is defined as a violent behavior or an act of abuse between couples in the home. It is called family violence. Usually most women are harmed and the witnesses of this violence are also effected. This abuse is frowned upon in todays society. In Chile domestic violence wasn t taken seriously because of the cultural norm which was that men controlled the women. There are many treatments for the abuse but they are only focused on the victim; the one committing theRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn America most cases of Domestic Violence are never actually reported, many times these cases go unheard and the victims suffer in silence. The worn out cries of a battered woman as she lays on the ground clutching herself and begging her significant other to just stop. The bruises and cuts that remain unreported due to the victim claiming they accidentally fell yet again. The abusers tend to make the victim almost entirely depend able on them. An abuser will do this to gain control and to createRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society869 Words   |  4 Pagesimbalance of neurotransmitters can impact an individual’s development and overall self-image. Equally, an individual’s experience with domestic violence and its horrific ramifications can also impact a person’s psychological, emotional, physical, and social growth. Domestic Violence Domestic violence, is a virulent calamity that has woven its way into our society for thousands of years. It is not biased to a particular race, group, or culture. Grievously, it has an everlasting negative impact onRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1859 Words   |  8 Pagesdoors. Domestic violence kills. The facts are startling; one in every four women will experience domestic violence in her lifetime, and those are just the cases that are reported. In the past weeks, America’s eye has been fixated on the NFL and the Capital Justice Departments prosecution of Adrian Peterson, Ray Rice and Greg Hardy. They were all indicted on allegations of domestic violence and abuse. Each year, another stack of players are arrested, or â€Å"caught† with a history of domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society904 Words   |  4 Pagesout of every four women will go through domestic violence situations in life. (safehorizon.com) Dome stic violence is aggressive behavior towards someone else at home or in a relationship. This can happen at home between spouses/partners or parents and children. Domestic violence should be given more acknowledgment in the media and in classrooms so that people are aware of what is happening. If we do not continue to advocate for victims and educate society, victims will continue to suffer physicallyRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society2241 Words   |  9 PagesDomestic violence, a highly prevalent, almost authorized, legally penalized, almost always hidden heinous crime, has been a matter of concern in many countries. More so in India, as every 2 in 5 women face domestic violence in India and about once every five minutes an incident of domestic violence is reported in India, under its legal definition of cruelty by husband or his relatives. Although it is gender neutral, domestic violence is usually perpetrated against women and hence it becomes essentialRead Mor eDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1360 Words   |  6 Pagesissue of domestic violence. Defined by domesticviolence.org (2012) as a behavior â€Å"used by one person in a relationship to control the other†, domestic violence can be physical, emotional, sexual, verbal, or even financial. Although the issue of abusers being punished is a significant one, it must be realized that there are victims, and those victims need help. 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The laws and programs provided in today’s society are limited and affect the victims exit from domestic violence relationships. Further research could propel an initiation of better-developed laws and programs and cause a great impact in how victims respond to domestic violence. Few studies have researched how successful domestic violence victims have been with the legal process

Memory Management Strategies Free Essays

ITCS 343 Opera-ng System Principles Memory Management Strategies Virtualizing Resources †¢? Physical Reality: Di? erent Processes/Threads share the same hardware –? Need to mul-plex CPU (Just ?nished: scheduling) –? Need to mul-plex use of Memory (Today) –? Need to mul-plex disk and devices (later in term) –? The complete working state of a process and/or kernel is de? ned by its data in memory (and registers) –? Consequently, cannot just let di? erent threads of control use the same memory –? Probably don’t want di? erent threads to even have access to each other’s memory (protec-on) †¢? Physics: two di? erent pieces of data cannot occupy the same loca-ons in memory †¢? Why worry about memory sharing? Memory Hierarchy of a Modern Computer System †¢? Take advantage of the principle of locality to: –? Present as much memory as in the cheapest technology –? Provide access at speed o? ered by the fastest technology Processor Control Second Level Cache (SRAM) Main Memory (DRAM) Secondary Storage (Disk) Tertiary Storage (Tape) On-Chip Cache Registers 1s 100s Datapath Speed (ns): Size (bytes): 10s- ­? 100s Ks- ­? Ms 100s Ms 10,000,000s 10,000,000,000s (10s ms) (10s sec) Gs Ts Background ? Program must be brought (from disk) into memory and placed within a process for it to be run †¢? CPU can access directly to registers and main memory –? Register access in one CPU clock (or less) –? Main memory can take many cycles †¢? Cache sits between main memory and CPU registers - ­? to reduce CPU idle .me and make the available da ta faster to access. †¢? Protec-on of memory ensures correct opera-on –? to protect the opera. We will write a custom essay sample on Memory Management Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now ng system from access by user processes and, –? to protect user processes from one another. –? One simple implementa. on is through base and limit registers Mul– ­? step Processing of a Program for Execu-on †¢? Prepara-on of a program for execu-on involves components at: †¢? Addresses can be bound to ?nal values anywhere in this path †¢? Dynamic Libraries –? Compile -me (i. e. â€Å"gcc†) –? Link/Load -me (unix â€Å"ld† does link) –? Execu-on -me (e. g. dynamic libs) –? Depends on hardware support –? Also depends on opera-ng system –? Linking postponed un-l execu-on –? Small piece of code, stub, used to locate the appropriate memory- ­? resident library rou-ne –? Stub replaces itself with the address of the rou-ne, and executes rou-ne Mul– ­? step Processing of a Program or Execu-on †¢? User programs go through several steps before being able to run. †¢? This mul– ­? step processing of the program invokes †¢? The appropriate u-lity (the rectangle) †¢? Generates the required module at each step (the circle) †¢? Basically, it is all about bind – address mapping. Binding of Instruc9ons and Data to Memory †¢? Address binding of instruc-ons and data to memory addresses can happen at three di? erent stages –? Compile 9me: If memory loca-on known a priori, absolute code can be generated; must recompile code if star-ng loca-on changes –? Load 9me: Must generate relocatable ode if memory loca-on is not known at compile -me –? Execu9on 9me: Binding delayed un-l run -me if the process can be moved during its execu-on from one memory segment to another. Need hardware support for address maps (e. g. , base and limit registers) †¢? Controlled overlap: †¢? Address Type: –? Separate state of threads should not collide in physical memory. Obviously, unexpected overlap causes chaos! –? Conversely, would like the ability to overlap when desired (for communica-on) –? A physical (absolute) address is a physical loca-on in main memory. –? A logical (v irtual) address is a eference to a memory loca-on that is independent of the physical organiza-on of memory. –? All memory references in user process are logical addresses. –? A rela-ve address is an example of logical address in which the address is expressed as a loca-on rela-ve to some known point in the program (ex: the beginning address). †¢? Transla-on: †¢? Protec-on: –? Ability to translate accesses from one address space (virtual) to a di? erent one (physical) –? When transla-on exists, processor uses virtual addresses, physical memory uses physical addresses –? Side e? ects: Can be used to avoid overlap, Can be used to give uniform view of memory to programs –? Prevent access to private memory of other processes †¢? Di? erent pages of memory can be given special behavior (Read Only, Invisible to user programs, etc). †¢? Kernel data protected from User programs †¢? Programs protected from themselves Base and Limit Registers †¢? Each process has a separate memory space (logical/user address space). †¢? A pair of base and limit registers de? ne the logical address space –? base register holds the smallest legal physical address –? limit register speci? es the size of the range of a process †¢? Could se base/limit for dynamic address transla9on (oBen called â€Å"segmenta9on†): –? Alter address of every load/store by adding â€Å"base† –? User allowed to read/write within segment  »? Accesses are rela9ve to segment so don’t have to be relocated when program moved to di? erent segment –? User ma y have mul9ple segments available (e. g x86)  »? Loads and stores include segment ID in opcode: x86 Example: mov [es:bx],ax.  »? Opera9ng system moves around segment base pointers as necessary Mul-programming †¢? Problem: Run mul-ple applica-ons in such a way that they are protected from one another †¢? Goals: –? Isolate processes and kernel from one another –? Allow ?exible transla-on that: †¢? Doesn’t lead to fragmenta-on †¢? Allows easy sharing between processes †¢? Allows only part of process to be resident in physical memory †¢? (Some of the required) Hardware Mechanisms: –? General Address Transla-on –? Dual Mode Opera-on †¢? Flexible: Can ?t physical chunks of memory into arbitrary places in users address space †¢? Not limited to small number of segments †¢? Think of this as providing a large number (thousands) of ?xed- ­? sized segments (called â€Å"pages†) †¢? Protec-on base involving kernel/user dis-nc-on How to cite Memory Management Strategies, Papers

Zell Miller Former Governor of Georgia free essay sample

This paper examines the life and contributions to society of the former governor of Georgia, Zell Miller. This paper sheds light on the political achievements of Sen. Zell Miller, the former governor of Georgia. The paper details how Zell Miller became Senator in 2000 after the untimely death of Senator Paul Coverdell and how he has been serving the people of Georgia for more than three decades including the sixteen years he served as lieutenant governor before he was selected for governors office in 1991. Some of his most well-known accomplishments include his far-reaching educational policies and proposals for tough laws against drunk drivers. It is evident from his long career in public life that the man possesses farsightedness and a genuine desire to bring positive change in social and economic life of people in his state and therefore was rightly selected to represent his people in the Senate. It is certainly commendable that the policies he made exclusively for his state were considered worthy of adoption on a national level. We will write a custom essay sample on Zell Miller: Former Governor of Georgia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He will now serve as a Senator till July 2004 and has decided to work for his people and never for one particular party. The man is known for his commitment to his state and the success of his programs is evident from the fact that when he left office, his approval rating had reached 85 percent. He had been able to send 357,000 Georgians to college through his HOPE scholarship programs and some 246,200 young kids stood to benefit from his pre-kindergarten program, both these programs were lottery funded.